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Introduction
Uttar Pradesh, being largely agrarian in demographic and
economic terms, no concept of development can ever be
meaningful or worthwhile without focusing its attention on the
development of agriculture. With constant endeavor of our
peasants and planners, the state is not only self-sufficient
but also have buffer stocks to meet any eventuality. Rural
economy has also attained sufficient resilience over the
period. Farmers are now looking for more diversified
occupations which may bring more income to them and improve
their standard of living. Shrinking opportunities of
employment in rural areas also necessitate efforts to break
new grounds in the diversification process of agriculture. In
view the above facts, a new experiment was introduced for
technology development and technology dissemination for all
round development of agriculture with the help of launching a
project namely, Diversified Agriculture Support Project (DASP)
in the state of Uttar Pradesh with the financial assistance
from the World Bank.
The project
activities were implemented in the selected blocks of 32
districts in the state, which have the potential to serve as
growth centres and where infrastructure and institutions are
developed and scope for private sector investments was high.
The farming community were mobilized for issue identification,
joint problem solving and efficient technology dissemination.
The project was implemented over a period of five years from
1998-99 to 2003-04.
A Project
Coordination Unit (PCU) was established under the APC’s
office. Secretary Coordination who is supported by the
Technical Coordinator and various Technical Experts heads the
PCU. The PCU’s role is to manage the project activities and
liaison with various stakeholders. The respective line
departments were involved as PIUs for implementing the project
activities. At district level for managing the project
activities, the District Project Coordinators (DPCs) are
responsible.
The idea is
make an overall development of the rural people by adopting
farming system approach and by disseminating latest
information and improved technologies to the rural community.
The project is being implemented through active participation
of local people and institutions in association with NGOs.
Formation of like-minded interest groups with common interest
such as FIGs/SHGs/WSHGs is one of the ways for effective
technology dissemination and sustainability of the programme
in this direction.
The Project Aim
More specifically the project aims to:
o
Integrated
project investments with policies and legislative/regulatory
framework that facilitates rationalization of public and
private sector roles in the diversification process,
o
Strengthen
the delivery mechanism of agricultural services to exploit
market-led opportunities for growth in horticulture, livestock
and sericulture production and agro-processing in a way that
alleviate poverty and support environmentally sustainable
development.
o
Create
conducive environment for greater private investment in this
sector.
o
Support the
expansion and rehabilitation of rural infrastructure, and
foster Panchayat Raj institutions, NGOs, and beneficiary
participation for devolution of responsibility for sustainable
management of rural assets.
In order to achieve these objectives, the DASP has identified five more
thrust areas:
o
Strengthening of the technological base and dissemination of
new technologies through support of agricultural research,
extension and facilitating access to agricultural credit;
o
Improving
natural resource management, especially of land and water;
o
Supporting
growth-enhancing, income-generating programmes in livestock,
horticulture and sericulture sectors;
o
Facilitating post-harvest value addition activities by private
sector through creating of a Project Development Facility; and
o
Upgrading
essential rural infrastructural base (rural roads,
haat-painths, cattle markets) and promoting mechanisms to
enable their operation and maintenance through user
participation.
The Project Rationale
o
To improve
in productivity and diversification into the production of
high value commodities in the farming systems linked to
regional specialization and sustainable management of
resources, especially land and water.
o
To address
a programme of research to resolve present and future
technology and constraints.
o
To arrest
nutrient and organic matter depletion in soil as and the
consequent decline in soil fertility, declining quality and
quantity of ground water and increased water logging.
o
To share of
labour/responsibility between public institutions (line
department) and private organizations.
o
To share of
labour/responsibility between public institutions (line
department) and private organizations (NGOs and farmers'
group) for effective technology dissemination.
o
To
encourage private sector to invest in new and innovative
agro-processing enterprises.
o
To
encourage increased and flexible access to institutional
credit for primary producers including a large number of
landless and rural women.
o
To improve
the existing infrastructure significant growth in agricultural
and horticultural production to occur and achieve vertical
integration of production, processing, transportation
marketing activities.
Major Achievements of the Project as noted by the World Bank,
are as follows:-
o
Economic
Rate of Return – 21% of overall project.
o
Increase in
crop productivity - 10% to 59%.
o
Increase in
cropping intensity – from 169% to 203%
o
Increase in
agriculture income – 63%
o
Increase in
application of organic manures – from 6% to 30%
o
New
technologies released – 42
o
Area under
non food grain has increased by 21%
o
Animal per
household has increased from 1.7-3.0
o
Low cost,
replicable farmer – SHG network model for Technology
Dissemination
o
1138
private vegetable & fruit nurseries have been established to
produce quality plant material.
o
The project
has promoted 1252 Paravets under which young educated
unemployed youth were imparted training in small treatments
and artificial insemination (AI).
o
846
agricultural graduates and postgraduates have been provided
training on various aspect and they are disseminating
technology to farmers.
o
2628 Km of
rural roads has been constructed till 31st March 2004.
o
Construction of 103 Hatt Painths and 2 cattle market.
o
17,906 Self
Help Groups have been formed; they are small and marginal
farmers, which have no sustainable access to the formal
banking system. More than Rs. 21 crores saving have been
mobilized in the group. Groups members have inter loaning of
more than Rs. 37 crores for different income generating
activities.
During 2004-05 an effort was made to sustain the achievements
made during the first phase and during 2005-06 efforts are
being made for the preparation of the Second Phase of DASP.
DEPARTMENT-WISE ACHIEVEMENTS in Ist Phase
General
·
U. P.
Diversified Agriculture Support Project became effective from
September 1998.
·
The project
activities were implemented in the 157 selected blocks of 32
districts in the state.
·
The project
was implemented over a time period of five year from 1998-99
to 2003-04.
Agriculture
MAJOR ACTIVITIES :
1.
Integrated
Plant Nutrient Management (IPNM) Demonstration.
2.
Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) Demonstration.
3.
Biodynamic
Demonstration.
4.
Seed
Production
5.
Field Days
6.
Farmers
Scientist Interaction (FSI)
7.
Establishment of Bio-Fertilizer Labs
8.
Strengthening of IPM Labs
9.
Seminars on
Special Crops
10.
Establishment of Farmers Field Schools (FFS)
11.
Study Tour
12.
Training
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS / HIGHLIGHTS :
1.
81402
demonstrations have been organized on cultivator’s fields on
different crops.
2.
2235
demonstrations have been organized on different crops (Paddy,
Pulses & Oil Seeds)
3.
32947 NADEP,
22082 VERMI and 35593 CPP compost pits were constructed.
4.
During the
project period 201729 qtls. (92142 qtls in Kharif and 109587
qtls in Rabi) quality seeds were produced and exchanged/sold
to other farmers.
5.
10158 field
days (5911 in Kharif & 4217 in Rabi) were organized so far.
6.
154 FSI
were organized at block level by SAUs. About 7700 farmers
participated.
7.
4 Bio
fertilizer labs have been established at RATD cnetres Mathura,
Bareilly, Barabanki and SIMA Rahmankhera Lucknow for
production of Rhyzobium culture/PSB culture.
8.
3 IPM labs
of the department of agriculture at Bareilly, Varanasi and
Jalaun have been strengthened. During the project period 49395
kg. Trichoderma, 18265 Tricho card and 157570 NPV (LE) was
produced and distributed among the farmers.7 seminars on
special crops (Ground Nut, Cotton, Rabi-maize, Pulses & Oil
seeds) have been organized in which 842 farmers participated.
9.
166 FFS
have been established in the project area at block level. To
strengthen the FFS Zero Till drill and plant protection
equipments (Sprayer & duster) are being provided on 50% cost
sharing to act as service centre.
10.
To aware
the farmers with latest technology of other states/institutes
2 study tours (One to Nagpur & another to Kanpur, IARI New
Delhi, IVRI Bareilly) have been conducted. 85 farmers from
different corners of the state participated.
11.
To upgrade
the skill of farmers as well as extension functionaries, 908
training sessions were organized at different institutes /centres.
UP till now 6909 officials and 34482 farmers have been trained
in different aspects i.e. IPNM, IPM, Organic farming, Seed
Production, crop cutting etc.
BENEFITS*
:
1.
Cropping
intensity increased from 169 % to 203 %.
2.
Productivity of most of the crops increased by 13% to 62%.
3.
Productivity of most of the vegetable crops increased by
11-42%
4.
Area under
legumes crops increased.
5.
Area under
Rabi maize crop in eastern U.P. and Basmati paddy in western
U.P. (Saharanpur, M.Nagar, Bagpat, Gaziabad, Bareiilly)
increased.
6.
Farmers are
prepared to accept balanced use of fertilizer. Farmers have
reduce chemical fertilizer in varying proportion (15-20%) in
cereals, (85-95%) in vegetable.
7.
The average
consumption of Bio-pesticides /Bio-agents is increasing and
consumption of pesticide in decreasing.
8.
Area under
use of organic manure increased by 68%.
*
Assessed/ Reported by the AMC, IIML (External Monitoring &
Evaluation
Agency)
BENEFICIARY ELIGIBILITY &
CRITERIA of SELECTION for AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE
1.
Selection
of beneficiary had been made with the help of FIG's, Block
Level Functionaries (BLF), DPC & DD (Extn) with full
transparency.
2.
Before
Selection of beneficiaries there was a meeting in the concern
village with FIG and proceedings recorded in a register, which
is maintained from that very day to the harvest of
demonstration. List of farmers finalizes in consultation with
the Farmers Interest Groups members in above said meetings.
3.
The
beneficiaries were necessarily being a member of FIG.
4.
Soil
testing was mandatory for each demonstration.
5.
The
beneficiary should have interest in the cultivation of
agricultural crops.
6.
He should
have suitable piece of land preferably on road side with
proper irrigation facility.
7.
He should
be capable of investing the required amount on various
operations, apart from the project assistance (critical
inputs), if required in the demonstration.
8.
Farmer
should always be vigilant to adopt new technology/ideas.
9.
He should
be capable to take care of proper watch & ward of the
demonstration.
10.
The high
yielding improved varieties including hybrid varieties, which
were well suitable for the area, were selected in the
demonstrations. Similarly, improved package of practices was
taken up for conducting the demonstration.
11.
All records
maintained at field level and regular feed back mechanism has
been established.
12.
Block Level
Functionaries (BLF), District level Officer's chart of duties
was framed.
13.
Implementation problem relating to pest, fertilizers, tie-ups,
marketing, insect control, soil test, irrigation, organic
manure, practices, seed has been attended to within the
prescribed time-frame by concerned experts.
Horticulture
MAJOR ACTIVITIES :
1.
Strengthening of DOH and SAUs nurseries with creating
facilities for poly houses, net houses, irrigation facilities,
fencing, etc.
2.
Creating
facilities for capacity building through training in different
sectors of horticulture including HRD & skill up gradation.
3.
Organize
demonstration and training to the farmers in new techniques of
horticultural practices and post harvest management.
4.
Promote
development of private nurseries.
5.
Production
of off-season vegetables seedlings in low tunnel poly house.
6.
Potato
production through T.P.S.
7.
Use of
stakings in Tomato & bowar in cucurbits.
8.
Rejuvenation of old & unproductive mango orchards and top
working by polynizer varieties.
9.
Promotion
of garlic and onion cultivation by high yielding varieties
developed by NHRDF.
10.
Popularizing the ZECC and Onion Storage Godown in rural areas.
11.
Introduction of Tissue culture banana var. Graind Nain.
12.
Village
level approach for the use of IPM in vegetables.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS / HIGHLIGHTS :
1.
Promotion
of new high yielding varieties in various food crops.
2.
Established
4 model nurseries and 5 PPMS nurseries for round the year
propagation and multiplication of planting material.
3.
Commercialize 39500 Low Tunnel Polyhouse to raise qualitative
and disease free vegetables seedlings.
4.
Popularized
Machan (Bower) cultivation in cucurbits for quality and better
production in 1758 ha.
5.
Established
255 Onion Storage Godowns to provide remunerative prize to the
growers and to reduce Post Harvest losses.
6.
Established
521 Zero Energy Cool Chambers in Rural Areas for short storage
of fresh and leafy vegetables.
7.
Established
86 Fruit nurseries, 965 Vegetables nurseries in private
sector.
8.
116 new FPO
licenses were issued to the entrepreneurs for establishing 6
large 17 small and 93 Food Processing Units.
9.
Varietal
replacement of Tomato, Brinjal, Onion, Garlic with high
yielding varieties.
10.
Varietal
replacement of traditional varieties of Marigold with new
improved high productive variety.
11.
Adoption of
IPM techniques in 550 ha. Vegetable crop like Tomato, Coal
crops, Chillies, Brinjal and Cucurbits.
12.
Organized 3
tier training programmes for skill up gradation and human
resource development.
BENEFITS :
1.
24 percent
of sample farmers (748) have diversified their area (290 ha.)
from food grains to vegetables and other cash crops.
2.
Cropping
intensity has increased from 169 to 203 (20 percent)
3.
Area under
cereals has declined by 18 percent.
4.
Area under
horticulture has increased by 22 percent.
5.
Area under
use of organic manure has increased by 68 percent.
6.
Productivity of potato has increased by 59 percent.
7.
Productivity of most of the vegetables crops has increased by
15 to 50 percent.
8.
Average no.
of workers per household has increased from 2.2 to 2.5 and
dependency ratio has declined by 11 percent.
9.
Workers
involved in farming activities have increased from 41 to 66
percent.
10.
Credit
accessibility has increased by 96 percent.
11.
Average
annual household income has increased from Rs. 26613/- to Rs.
36198/- (deflated), i.e., 36 percent during last three years.
12.
Per capita
incomes have also increased by 32 percent.
13.
86 percent
of group members have been benefited with training programme
on several aspects of horticultural development, where as 59
percent of group members have benefited with exposure visit.
Animal
Husbandry
MAJOR ACTIVITIES :
1.
Paravet
Programme.
2.
Breed
Conservation & Development Programme.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS / HIGHLIGHTS :
1.
1308 Rural
unemployed educated youths trained and deployed as
self-employed entrepreneurs.
2.
More than
5.93 lac Artificial Inseminations and 82 Lac Prophylactic
vaccinations.
3.
145991
Castrations & 587771 Primary Health Care in animals. 104756
progenies born.
4.
24862
animals registered and 103809 milk recordings done.
5.
100
Breeders Associations formed.
6.
8398
farmers and 281 milk recorders trained in indigenous breed
conservation & development.
BENEFITS :
1.
Self-employment & sustained income. Average Income of Rs.
2900.00 per month.
2.
Doorstep
delivery of AH services.
3.
Conception
of animals increased from 15 to 35%
4.
Milk
productivity increased by 37% in Cross Bred & 21% in local
cows and 41% in buffalo.
5.
Control of
infectious diseases.
6.
Increased
awareness about indigenous breeds of cow and buffalos among
farmers.
7.
Increase in
prices of Indigenous breed animals especially Sahiwal cows &
Bhadawari buffalos.
8.
Decrease in
calf mortality.
9.
Awareness &
adoption of AI, integrated health care and improved
nutritional & management practices
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA of BENEFICIARY :
1.
Paravet
Programme :
a.
Intermediate Biology or Agriculture pass local rural youths.
b.
Animal
Husbandry practices Background
2.
Breed
Conservation & Development Programme :
a.
Project/non-project area farmers having Breed type and true to
breed animals.
b.
Any Farmer
of these areas procuring these breed animals.
Dairy
Development
MAJOR ACTIVITIES :
1.
Public
Health Awareness & Clean Milk Production Programme.
2.
Commodity
Group Formation.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS / HIGHLIGHTS :
1.
6568 Milk
Cooperative Secretaries, 151034 farmers / Milk Producers
Trained.
2.
485 milk
society, management committee members & progressive farmers
exposed to observatory study tour with in state & out of
state.
3.
General
awareness about clean milk production & hygienic practices
increased.
4.
2608 Milk
Commodity Groups formed and 2608 Group Secretaries trained.
5.
11577 group
milk producers trained.
6.
317
Exposure visits of group members & 620 Environmental
Management related programmes organized in these groups.
BENEFITS :
1.
Public Health Awareness & Clean Milk Production Programme.:
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